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The subject. The article reveals the concept of "estoppel" as a mechanism prohibiting the change of position depending on the change of circumstances or the passage of time.The purpose of the paper is to identify is it possible to use estoppel in procedural relations in Russia.Methodology. The author uses the methods of the analysis of legal literature as well as the formal-legal interpretation of the Commercial Procedure Code, the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation.The main results and scope of their application. The development of civil and civil procedural legal relations virtually requires the study and application of the doctrinal and practice rules that are new for Russia, but well-known abroad. Among such is the rule of estoppel. It presents a mechanism that prohibits changing of position depending on the change of circumstances or the passage of time. The rule of estoppel attracts the attention of specialists in both civil and civil procedural law, but, despite having the same name, the rule possesses different qualities in substantive and procedural law. Thus, in procedural relations it is necessary to take into account that the court is a necessary participant of any civil procedural relationship. The actions of the parties in themselves do not give rise to any legal consequences; for they must be allowed (sanctioned) by the court.The main difficulty concerns not with the application of the norms fixing the institute of estoppel, but with the court's qualification of the case in fact as an estoppel situation. The court should receive a clear and unambiguous position from the party and fix it. Such a fixation is possible, in particular, in a decision that has entered into legal force. The estoppel by judgment used in these cases differs from other kinds of estoppel in that it prevents parties from challenging the circumstances established in a court decision. It is not connected to the actions of the party, which during the whole process defended the position opposite to that which was ultimately put by the court into the basis of the decision. In the future, a party to a new process may reiterate the same facts and circumstances that it asserted earlier. Thus, her position changes in comparison not with her own previous behavior, but rather with a valid judicial decision, which she must observe.Conclusions. The Russian legislation contains certain provisions allowing for the use of estoppel rule in procedural relations: these are, for example, rules on procedural agreements and rules concerning validity of a court decision. However, considering the specifics of procedural legal relations and the role of the court within them, and taking into account the procedural rights of the parties, the use of estoppel is only possible with the help of legally established methods for the fixation of the participant's position and his "changing behavior". ; Раскрывается понятие «эстоппель» (еstoppel) как механизм, запрещающий менять позицию в зависимости от изменения обстоятельств или по истечении времени. Эстоппель имеет множество разновидностей, в том числе и процессуальных. Обосновывается, что в настоящее время в российском законодательстве существуют положения, позволяющие применять правило эстоппель в процессуальных отношениях: это, например, правила о процессуальных соглашениях и правила действия законной силы судебного решения. Однако, учитывая специфику процессуальных правоотношений и роль суда в них, а также процессуальные права сторон, применение правила эстоппель возможно лишь при установленных законом способах фиксации и самой позиции участника, и его «изменяющегося поведения».

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The article represents analysis of debate opened up in Germany over the proposal made by the RF President D. Medvedev on the newsecurity structure in Europe and сonclusion of an appropriate agreement. The author reviews reaction to this proposal received from officials and main political forceswhich determine the course of foreign activity ofGermany and elaborate its position on actual international issues.

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The purpose of this work is to establish of the bound oxygen effect on the phase composition of the Semi-Insulating Polycrystalline Oxygen-doped Silicon (SIPOS) films by means of three independent methods: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultrasoft X-ray Emission Spectroscopy (USXES) and Raman spectroscopy, also on their electrophysical properties, depending on the relative oxygen content in the gas mixture flow (γ=N2O/SiH4) of the plasma reactor during the chemical vapor deposition of submicron SIPOS layers on monocrystalline silicon wafers. The increase in the oxygen content in SIPOS layers from γ=0 to maximum at γ=0.15 leads to the reduction of Si nanocrystals size from ~75 nm to 2–5 nm, submerged in amorphous matrix. Oxygen is contained in the bound form of silicon-oxygen clusters SiOSi3 type in the amorphous silicon matrix without SiO2 formation. These nonlinear qualitative and quantitative changes in the atomic structure of the SIPOS layers under the influence of bound oxygen increase not only the resistivity of the films by two orders of magnitude but also the activation energy of conductivity in comparison with silicon at the temperatures above room temperature. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 19-42-363013 ; MD-42.2019.2 ; Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation ; The reported study was funded by RFBR and Government of Voronezh region according to the research project № 19-42-363013. ; The part of work was carried out with the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia Federation under the grand No. FZGU-2020-0036 .In part of diagnostics of the structures the work of P.V. Seredin was supported by the RF President's Grants Council (Grant MD-42.2019.2).